A diagram of a person's bodyDescription automatically generated
Thyroid system diagram

What is thyroid hormone?

The thyroid hormone is chief regulator of metabolism, and as such is one of the factors responsible for the modulation of energy expenditure. This is achieved through several mechanisms, such as mitochondrial biogenesis, adaptive thermogenesis, etc.

The thyroid hormones act on nearly every cell in the body. It acts to increase the basal metabolic rate, affect protein synthesis, help regulate long bone growth (synergy with growth hormone) and neural maturation, and increase the body's sensitivity to catecholamines (such as adrenaline) by permissiveness. The thyroid hormones are essential to proper development and differentiation of all cells of the human body. These hormones also regulate protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism, affecting how human cells use energetic compounds. They also stimulate vitamin metabolism. Numerous physiological and pathological stimuli influence thyroid hormone synthesis.

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What are the potential benefits of appropriately monitored thyroid therapy?

  • Influences the utilization of essentially all substrates, vitamins, and hormones.
  • Reduces menopause symptoms.
  • Increases cardiac output
  • Increases heart rate
  • Increases ventilation rate
  • Increases basal metabolic rate
  • Potentiates the effects of catecholamines (Adrenaline)
  • Potentiates brain development
  • Thickens endometrium (Females)
  • Increases catabolism (Break down) of proteins and carbohydrates

What are the things that appropriately monitored thyroid therapy WON’T do?

  • Cause osteoporosis

What else is in the published literature?

  • Decreased T3 associated with accelerated disability in depressive symptoms and cognitive function.
  • Subclinical hypothyroidism is a strong predictor or risk for atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in elderly women.

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What are the potential side effects of thyroid therapy?

There are two primary active thyroid hormones, T3 and T4. For aging management and hormone optimization, it is essential to use both in proper balance. This goes beyond the conventional use only for thyroid conditions such as hypothyroidism. When taken as prescribed and under the supervision of a healthcare professional, these medications are generally safe and well-tolerated. However, monitoring of blood levels and symptoms is important to prevent infrequent but important side effects. Some possible side effects include:

  1. Cardiac effects: In some cases, excessive thyroid medication can lead to symptoms of hyperthyroidism, including rapid or irregular heartbeat, palpitations, and chest pain.
  2. Muscle weakness: In rare cases, excessive thyroid medication can cause muscle weakness, particularly in the arms and legs. Adjusting the dosage in collaboration with a healthcare professional can address this issue.
  3. Other side effects: Some individuals may experience allergic reactions, skin rashes, headache, insomnia, or gastrointestinal symptoms (such as nausea, diarrhea, or abdominal cramps) or anxiety as a result of thyroid medication. These side effects are generally uncommon but should be reported to a healthcare professional if they occur.

If you are experiencing any concerning symptoms or have questions about your thyroid medication, it is recommended to consult with your prescribing physician for appropriate guidance and adjustments to your treatment plan.

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